Retirement savings research shows around half of the US population is facing a retirement crisis. They have little incentive to adopt workplace retirement plans, thereby skipping retirement savings to attend to urgent needs.
According to the National Institute on Retirement Security, middle-class households have restricted financial reserves, placing them squarely in the firing range of retirement uncertainty. The study examined financial assets by generation, wealth, and race.
The study found that middle-class millennials only own 14% of the total assets held by their generation. But, the other generations fared worse. For instance, middle-class baby boomers and Gen X’s only own single-digit percentages of the total wealth held by their collective generations.
In the absence of strong public policies, the already numerous ranks of financially insecure will expand further. This article examines and tries to find solutions to retirement insecurity among the middle-class population in America.
Policies to help the middle class attain retirement security
Automatic payroll deductions: one way to help the middle class achieve retirement security is to automate the retirement savings process. The workers’ savings program should enrol everyone into the system unless they opt out.
Moreover, the Social Security Administration (SSA) should deduct retirement savings alongside taxes, and employers should match contributions.
Lower the cost of entry: many employers don’t offer 401(k) plans because of the high turnover of workers and administration costs associated with providing such a plan.
A congressional policy should streamline the costs to ensure a cost-effective program for both business owners and employees.
Even if Congress does not do so, individual states can grab the mantle and offer such incentives to stimulate retirement security.
Incentivize retirement savings: currently, the tax incentives for retirement savings favor high tax rates payers and income-earning individuals. Congress should bring to parity those earning smaller incomes or paying lower income tax rates and lower incentives to higher earners to recover the deficit.
This ensures more people in lower-income and middle-class households enroll in retirement savings programs.
Working longer: according to the SSA, the full retirement age varies from 65-67 years. One surefire way to ensure people beat retirement insecurity is by allowing them to work past retirement age.
Sure, most senior citizens won’t work for much longer past that, but it reduces the number of years before they start collecting social benefits. In addition, they don’t have to spread their retirement savings over an extended period, and they get to save and earn for much longer.
Improve Medicare: Americans pay a lot in healthcare compared to citizens in other countries. Since the elderly experience many age-related health issues, these can wipe out their retirement savings since Medicare does not cover all health care costs.
What’s more, the extra premiums, copayments, and coinsurance keep fluctuating over the years. These out-of-pocket medical expenses are a great contributor to retirement insecurity among the middle class.
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Make lifetime income accessible: this refers to annuities where you can buy your pension in return for a lifetime guarantee of monthly income.
401(k) plans don’t currently offer the option partly because of high entry fees for individuals, which takes it out of the reach of most middle-class people. In any case, most of the annuities programs on the market are just tax deference conduits for rich people.
Plans should be underway to introduce deferred income annuity, a sort of insurance for outliving your retirement savings, helping alleviate retirement insecurity.
Planning for old age and retirement
1. Understanding your planning horizon
The foundation for a sound retirement strategy is your current and retirement age, as the further your retirement date is, the better your risk portfolio. Your holdings should focus on revenue and conservation of capital as you become older.
2. Establish spending needs after retirement
Having an estimate of your expenses in retirement helps in the planning process as more spending will require additional savings. Update the retirement plan once a year to keep track of your savings.
3. Calculate the rate of investment returns after tax
Your retirement savings will get taxed, but that depends on the retirement account you hold. Calculate the rate of return after tax to assess the feasibility of an income-generating portfolio. As you age, the return threshold goes down as you tend to engage in low-risk investments.
4. Assess investments goals-against risk tolerance
Ensure you are comfortable with risks taken in your portfolio. How much risk can you take to accomplish your objectives? You can do that by determining what’s necessary and separating it from luxury.
5. Stay in control of estate planning
Estate planning involves predicting, management, and disposal of your estate. Having life insurance is an integral part of an estate plan and planning process.
Importance of retirement planning and savings
1. Peace of mind
Planning for retirement not only reduces stress during retirement but also pre-working life. Uncertainty due to lack of planning can lead to stress.
2. Power of compounding interest
The earlier you start saving for retirement, the more you will accumulate through compound interest. Your investments accumulate interest, which adds to your capital.
3. Tax gains
You can deduct your monthly contribution towards pensionable plans from taxable income, reducing your taxes. Some retirement plans are either tax-free or partially taxable.
4. Preparation for unforeseen expenses
Sadly, old age comes with health complications, and medical bills can eat into your savings. You are better off budgeting for such eventualities when you’re still young and healthy.
Bottom-line
The American middle class do not have the financial reserves to cater to their needs after retirement. A retirement plan including a 401(k) plan that caters to medical, everyday needs, and emergencies is crucial to minimizing retirement insecurity.
